Petrov sustained a broken toe during Wolfsburg's 1-0 home defeat to Bayer Leverkusen last weekend.
The Bulgarian international picked up the injury in a tackle with Leverkusen's Brazilian defender Lucio in the first half, but still managed to complete the game.
Wolfsburg coach Jurgen Rober admitted it was a major blow to his side to lose the in-form striker for six weeks.
"Martin was in outstanding form and has already scored three goals for us. This is a heavy blow to him as well as for the whole team," said Rober.
